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Capítulo 3
Asesinos por naturaleza: Revisión de los caminos evolutivos de las víboras colombianas

​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​Por: Sergio Daniel Cubides-Cubillos, Mónica María Saldarriaga-Córdoba, Jaime Andrés Pereañez, Teddy Angarita-Sierra.

Palabras Clave: Diversidad biológica, colmillos, serpientes venenosas, mordedura de serpiente, región neotropical​

  • book-open 55 páginas
  • time 3 Horas de lectura

DOI: 10.33610/145478txfjyn


Históricamente, las víboras conocidas comúnmente como mapaná, cascabel, verrugoso y patoco, han recibido mucha atención debido a su importancia médica, así como a la notable diversidad de sus venenos, formas y anatomía (p. ej., fosetas loreales con detección infrarroja, cascabeles y toxinas letales). Cientos de artículos y libros han sido publicados sobre las víboras del hemisferio occidental, consolidado un amplio y robusto marco conceptual que ha permitido comprenderlas. Sin embargo, la mayoría de estas contribuciones se han centrado en especies que habitan las zonas templadas del continente o en países tropicales como Brasil, Costa Rica y México. Esta disparidad ha limitado nuestra comprensión de la diversidad y endemismos de las víboras que habitan en regiones geográficamente complejas de América tropical, como lo es Colombia. Las víboras colombianas cuentan con fascinantes historias evolutivas, así como una asombrosa diversidad morfológica e intrincados patrones de distribución geográfica, que aun aguardan por ser comprendidos a profundidad. Actualmente, el veneno de las víboras colombianas y sus diversas formas tienen una importancia científica considerable, convirtiéndose en sistemas modelo que permiten explorar los principios de la biología evolutiva, desde los genes, individuos y poblaciones, hasta contextos macroevolutivos. Con base en una revisión detallada de la información disponible, así como a partir de la generación de nueva evidencia, en este capítulo revisamos y discutimos los linajes evolutivos, venómica y actividades biológicas de los venenos de los vipéridos presentes en Colombia. 

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